International trade and the distribution of economy-wide benefits from the disbursement of climate finance

In the framework of recent international climate negotiations, industrialized countries have committed to transfer at least USD 100 billion per year to developing countries from 2020. Climate finance has become the subject of an already extensive literature. However, the economic impact of the disbursement of climate finance and the role of international trade in its distribution globally have not been studied yet. This paper specifically estimates the geographical distribution of economic benefits for 17 mitigation and 9 adaptation options. We use a Global Multi-Regional Input-Output framework to track both domestic as well as spill-over effects of climate finance disbursements. The relevance of spill-overs is confirmed: on average, 29% of the economic benefits of climate actions flow to countries different from the recipient country (i.e. to the donors and third countries). But this percentage varies widely, between 11 and 61% depending on the type of climate action implemented as well as the recipient country. The findings are expected to be of interest for both recipient and donor countries as they provide guidance on how to maximize the economic co-benefits of climate finance. (c) 2018, (c) 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor and Francis Group.Maria Victoria Roman was funded by Norges Forskningsrd (CICEP (Strategic Challenges in International Climate and Energy Policy)). Authors also thank financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (ECO2015-68023) and the Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT-799-13)

MobiSensA: development of a mobile APP for iSensA platform

“Copyright © 2018 IEEE. Reprinted from 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). ISBN: 978-989-98434-8-6. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to [email protected] choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”iSensA is a smart data acquisition system and Web platform for monitoring and analyzing real-time data of environments and devices in a wide range of areas. The Web platform allows centralized management of facilities, as well as real-time data visualization, historical analysis, alarm configuration and periodic reporting. To facilitate facility monitoring and event notification (anomalies and alerts), there is a need to develop an Android mobile application for the iSensA product, whose development process is presented in this paper.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Modelling stream-fish functional traits in reference conditions: regional and local environmental correlates

Identifying the environmental gradients that control the functional structure of biological assemblages in reference conditions is fundamental to help river management and predict the consequences of anthropogenic stressors. Fish metrics (density of ecological guilds, and species richness) from 117 least disturbed stream reaches in several western Iberia river basins were modelled with generalized linear models in order to investigate the importance of regional- and local-scale abiotic gradients to variation in functional structure of fish assemblages. Functional patterns were primarily associated with regional features, such as catchment elevation and slope, rainfall, and drainage area. Spatial variations of fish guilds were thus associated with broad geographic gradients, showing (1) pronounced latitudinal patterns, affected mainly by climatic factors and topography, or (2) at the basin level, strong upstream-downstream patterns related to stream position in the longitudinal gradient. Maximum native species richness was observed in midsize streams in accordance with the river continuum concept. The findings of our study emphasized the need to use a multi-scale approach in order to fully assess the factors that govern the functional organization of biotic assemblages in ‘natural’ streams, as well as to improve biomonitoring and restoration of fluvial ecosystems

Secure Virtual Network Embedding in a Multi-Cloud Environment

Recently-proposed virtualization platforms give Cloud users the freedom to specify their network topologies and addressing schemes. These platforms have, however, been targeting a single datacenter of a cloud provider, which is insufficient to support (critical) applications that need to be deployed across multiple trust domains while enforcing diverse security requirements. This paper addresses this problem by presenting a novel solution for a central component of network virtualization –the online network embedding, which finds efficient mappings of virtual networks requests onto the substrate network. Our solution considers security as a first class citizen, enabling the definition of flexible policies in three central areas: on the communications, where alternative security compromises can be explored (e.g.,encryption); on the computations, supporting redundancy if necessary while capitalizing on hardware assisted trusted executions; across multiples clouds, including public and private facilities, with the associated trust levels. We formulate the solution as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), and evaluate our proposal against the most commonly used alternative. Our analysis gives insight into the trade-offs involved with the inclusion of security and trust into network virtualization, providing evidence that this notion may enhance profits under the appropriate cost models

Mutivariate analysis between pig populations from iberian origin based in reproductive parameters

In this work we present a multivariate analysis between various Iberian pig varieties and the Manchado de Jabugo as representative of the Pig populations of Iberian origin exploited in Spain in extensive production systems. For them we have studied a sample of 558 parturition belonging to the records of the kernel of control of yields of the selection program of the Breeders Association of the Iberian Pig (AECERIBER) and to the conservation program of the Manchado de Jabugo. They were calculated the Mahalanobis distance between populations and was accomplis-hed the corresponding cluster basing us on the reproductive parameters number of total piglets, number of born piglets alive and number of weaned piglets. Our results indicate for these populations according to the variables studied the high Mahalanobis distances existence between the Manchado de Jabugo breed as compared to all the varieties of the Iberian pig, and some distances moderated between the variety Torbiscal respect to the rest of the Iberian pig varieties.En este trabajo presentamos un análisis multivariante entre diversas variedades del cerdo Ibérico y la raza Manchado de Jabugo como representantes de las poblaciones porcinas de origen Ibérico explotadas en España en sistemas de producción extensivos. Para ellos hemos estudiado una muestra de 558 partos pertenecientes a los registros del núcleo de control de rendimientos del programa de selección de la Asociación de Criadores del Cerdo Ibérico (AECERIBER) y al programa de conservación del Manchado de Jabugo. Se calcularon las distancias de Mahalanobis entre poblaciones y se realizó el correspondiente dendograma basándonos en los parámetros reproductivos número de lechones total, número de lechones nacidos vivos y número de lechones destetados. Según las variables estudiadas se observa la existencia de elevadas distancias de Mahalanobis entre la raza Manchado de Jabugo frente a todas las variedades del cerdo Ibérico, y unas distancias moderadas entre la variedad Torbiscal respecto al resto de estirpes del cerdo Ibérico

Antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds identified in wild mushrooms, SAR analysis and docking studies

Aim and Methods: Although the antimicrobial activity of extracts from several mushroom species have been reported, studies with the individual compounds present in that extracts are scarce. Herein, the antimicrobial activity of different phenolic compounds identified and quantified in mushroom species from all over the world was evaluated. Furthermore, a structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis and molecular docking studies were performed, in order to provide insights in the mechanism of action of potential antimicrobial drugs for resistant microorganisms. Results: 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids were the phenolic compounds with higher activity against the majority of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Furthermore, phenolic compounds inhibited more MRSA than methicillin sensible Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA was inhibited by 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic (MICs=0.5 mg/mL) and p-coumaric (MIC= 1 mg/mL) acids, while these compounds at the same concentrations had no inhibitory effects against methicillin sensible Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The presence of carboxylic acid (COOH), two hydroxyl (OH) groups in para and ortho positions of the benzene ring, as also a methoxyl (OCH3) group in the meta position seems to be important for anti-MRSA activity. Significance and Impact of the Study: Phenolic compounds could be used as antimicrobial agents, namely against some microorganisms resistant to commercial antibiotics.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and COMPETE/QREN/EU for financial support to this work (research project PTDC/AGR-ALI/110062/2009) and to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011) and to PEst-OE/EQB/LA0016/2011. They also thank to CHTAD – Hospital Center of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro and Siemens for all the support

Reproductive characterisation of various pig breed from iberian origin. I. Descriptive analysis

In this work is approached the reproductive characterisation of the varieties of the Iberian pig within a European project titled European gene banking project for pig genetic resources. We have analysed a total of 600 parturition’s belonging to the Iberian pig varieties: Entrepelado, Lampiño, Mamellado, Retinto, Silvela, Torbiscal, Portugues and the Manchado de Jabugo breed. We have calculated the descriptive statistics and a variance analysis between the different populations together to homogeneity tests a posteriori (Duncan test). The results indicate that exist signifficative differences for all the variables between the studied populations, resulting the Manchado de Jabugo and Torbiscal as populations that present the best reproductive behaviour, the Lampiño variety as population with the lowest reproductive indices, remaining the other populations with intermediate values.En este trabajo se aborda la caracterización reproductiva de las variedades del cerdo Ibérico dentro de un proyecto europeo denominado European gene banking project for pig genetic resources. Se analizan un total de 600 partos pertenecientes a las variedades del cerdo Ibérico: Entrepelado, Lampiño, Mamellado, Retinto, Silvela, Torbiscal, Portugués y la raza Manchado de Jabugo. Se calculan los estadísticos descriptivos y un análisis de varianza entre las distintas poblaciones junto a las correspondientes pruebas de homogeneidad de medias a posteriori (test de Duncan). Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas para todas las variables entre las poblaciones estudiadas, resultando la raza Manchado de Jabugo y Torbiscal como poblaciones que presentan el mejor comportamiento reproductivo, la variedad Lampiño como población de más bajos índices reproductivos, quedando el resto con ratios intermedias

The in-plane paraconductivity in La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4 thin film superconductors at high reduced-temperatures: Independence of the normal-state pseudogap

The in-plane resistivity has been measured in $La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$ (LSxCO) superconducting thin films of underdoped ($x=0.10,0.12$), optimally-doped ($x=0.15$) and overdoped ($x=0.20,0.25$) compositions. These films were grown on (100)SrTiO$_3$ substrates, and have about 150 nm thickness. The in-plane conductivity induced by superconducting fluctuations above the superconducting transition (the so-called in-plane paraconductivity, $\Delta\sigma_{ab}$) was extracted from these data in the reduced-temperature range 10^{-2}\lsim\epsilon\equiv\ln(T/\Tc)\lsim1. Such a $\Delta\sigma_{ab}(\epsilon)$ was then analyzed in terms of the mean-field--like Gaussian-Ginzburg-Landau (GGL) approach extended to the high-$\epsilon$ region by means of the introduction of a total-energy cutoff, which takes into account both the kinetic energy and the quantum localization energy of each fluctuating mode. Our results strongly suggest that at all temperatures above Tc, including the high reduced-temperature region, the doping mainly affects in LSxCO thin films the normal-state properties and that its influence on the superconducting fluctuations is relatively moderate: Even in the high-$\epsilon$ region, the in-plane paraconductivity is found to be independent of the opening of a pseudogap in the normal state of the underdoped films.Comment: 35 pages including 10 figures and 1 tabl

Extraction of anthocyanins from red raspberry for natural food colorants development: Processes optimization and in vitro bioactivity

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Heat (HAE)-and ultrasound (UAE)-assisted extraction methods were implemented to recover anthocyanins from red raspberry. Processing time, ethanol concentration, and temperature or ultrasonic power were the independent variables combined in five-level rotatable central composite designs coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) for processes optimization. The extraction yield and levels of cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside (C3S) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) were monitored by gravimetric and HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn methods, respectively, and used as response criteria. The constructed theoretical models were successfully fitted to the experimental data and used to determine the optimal extraction conditions. When maximizing all responses simultaneously, HAE originated slightly higher response values (61% extract weight and 8.7 mg anthocyanins/g extract) but needed 76 min processing at 38â—¦ C, with 21% ethanol (v/v), while the UAE process required 16 min sonication at 466 W, using 38% ethanol (v/v). The predictive models were experimentally validated, and the purple-red extracts obtained under optimal condition showed antioxidant activity through lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis inhibition, and antibacterial effects against food-related microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. These results highlight the potential of red raspberry extracts as natural food colorants with bioactive effects and could be exploited by industries interested in the production of anthocyanin-based products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio